Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to optimize the extraction of apigenin (4′, 5, 7-trihydroxy-flavone) from Allium fistulosum.
 Methods: The present study aims at extracting flavonoids from the plant using methanol as a solvent. Phytochemical screening was performed to analyse the phytochemical constituents present in the extract. Apigenin was isolated from the leaves of A. fistulosum and further purified and identified by TLC and HPLC.
 Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of various constituents like terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, phenolics, cardiac glycosides and amino acids. TLC results indicated the presence of apigenin in the plant extract with the Rf value of 0.88, which coincided with the standard apigenin of Rf value 0.83. HPLC results showed a similarity in the peak of 17.1 min of the standard with the minor peak of 17.324 min of the sample. This proved the presence of apigenin in low quantities.
 Conclusion: This present study suggests that Allium fistulosum can be a moderate source of apigenin. This compound was isolated for the first time from this plant.
Highlights
Methanoilc extract of Allium fistulosum was subjected to phytochemical and pharmacological activities. Their phytochemical screening was performed which showed the presence of various constituents like terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, phenolics, cardiac glycosides and amino acids
The phytochemicals present in A. fistulosum, which revealed that the crude extract of A. fistulosum with ethanol indicated the presence of tannins, alkaloids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids and flavonoids whereas aqueous extract showed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, phenols but not flavonoids [14]
This study showed that their leaves contained different phytochemical constituents
Summary
Known as bunching onion, long green onion, Japanese bunching onion, and spring onion, is a species of evergreen plant growing throughout the year. Its odor and taste is very identical to Allium cepa. A. fistulosum, neither does it shows bulb production nor possesses dense leaves, rather has characteristic hollow leaves and scapes. The Leeks and the Japanese Negi are comparatively bigger in size, while Chives are smaller. A very common vegetable in Asia, where there are many different cultivars, it is usually grown more on a garden scale in Europe and America, mainly for its edible leaves which can be produced throughout the winter if the weather is not too severe [1]
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