Abstract
In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. FTIR spectra analysis showed that most of hemicellulose and lignin were removed from the fiber after chemical pretreatments. The compositions of CNFS indicated that high purity of nanofibrils with cellulose contain more than 95% was obtained. X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. On the contrary, further grinding operation could destroy crystalline regions of the cellulose. SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. This work suggests that the CNFs can be successfully extracted from coconut palm petiole residues and it may be a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity.
Highlights
The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize cellulose nano-fibrils from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments followed bythe mechanical treatment
The content of cellulose and hemicellulose in coconut palm petiole fiber is 33.29% and 33.61%, which confirms that non-cellulosic compounds such as wax, pectin and lignin have been removed effectively with chemical treatments
The present work showed that high quaility cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) can be successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues.Fourier Transform-infra Red Spectroscope (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that chemical treatments removed all lignin and Coconut palm petiole fibers
Summary
The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize cellulose nano-fibrils from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments followed bythe mechanical treatment
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