Abstract
Conocarpus fiber is a lignocellulosic biomass rich in cellulose potentially used for producing nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biomaterial extensively employed in various application fields. In the present work, different hydrolysis times of 10, 20 and 30 min were applied to chemically pre-treated Conocarpus fiber to produce CPNC1, CPNC2, and CPNC3 particles. With acid hydrolysis treatment, the yield of NCC product was successfully retained at 17–19%. Individual, rod-like shapes of NCC particles could be clearly observed under microscopy examination. From chemical composition analysis, a relatively pure cellulose compartment was produced for all NCC samples with substantial removal of lignin and hemicellulose. The physicochemical analysis proved that each nanoparticle sample possessed strong cellulose crystalline structure. For thermal analyses, the heat resistance of NCCs was gradually enhanced with the increased hydrolysis times. Therefore, the extracted NCC product from Conocarpus fiber could be a green nano-filler for developing nanocomposite material in the future.
Highlights
Exploitation of new bio-based materials for versatile application fields has received great attention from scientist and researcher to alleviate the climate change through reduced carbon footprint
The Conocarpus trunk part fibre contains great amount lignocellulosic components and its structural built-up is closely similar to the reported study on Ficus natalensis plant [10], which serve as major cellulose source
This imparts it with enormous potential for making cellulose derivative product such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), cellulose nanowhisker (CNW), cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) [11,12,13]
Summary
Exploitation of new bio-based materials for versatile application fields has received great attention from scientist and researcher to alleviate the climate change through reduced carbon footprint. The Conocarpus trunk part fibre contains great amount lignocellulosic components and its structural built-up is closely similar to the reported study on Ficus natalensis plant [10], which serve as major cellulose source. This imparts it with enormous potential for making cellulose derivative product such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), cellulose nanowhisker (CNW), cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) [11,12,13]. Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is a needle-like shape of cellulose crystallite which produced via inorganic acid hydrolysis It has a diameter of 5-30 nm and length of 100-500 nm, with appealing properties like great reinforcing capability, good thermal stability, biodegradable and biocompatible [14,15]. Physico-chemistry, crystallinity, and thermal stability of NCC particles were evaluated to fully understand their change of properties
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