Abstract
Macroalgae have been reported as an important source of halogenated aromatic secondary metabolites, being the majority of these derivatives isolated from red algae. Halophenols and haloindoles are the most common haloaryl secondary metabolites isolated from these marine organisms. Nevertheless, some halogenated aromatic sesquiterpenes and naphthalene derivatives have also been isolated. Most of these secondary metabolites showed interesting biological activities, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant. This review describes in a systematic way the distribution and natural occurrence of halogenated aromatic secondary metabolites from extracts of red, brown, and green algae, as well as biological activities reported for these compounds.
Highlights
The search for bioactive compounds from marine organisms in recent decades has produced an abundance of secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical and industrial applications
Shoeib et al identified by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS) analysis, lanosol (77) and the methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl ethers of lanosol (81, 94, and 95, respectively), as well as the aldehyde of lanosol (89), in the chloroform fraction of red alga Polysiphonia lanosa, and all compounds showed in vitro cytotoxic activities against human colon cell lines DLD-1 and HCT-116 cells (Figure 5, Supplementary Table S1) [35]
An essential role in the the dichloromethane marine environment for of thethe production of Stypopodium flabelliforme (Dictyotaceae family). This compound was oxygen and as a source of food for marine animals. These organisms generate compounds the metabolite reported from the Stypopodium possessing halogen andfirst products utilized in many commercial fields,genus such as fertilizers,one and help toatom obtain compounds with pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial applications
Summary
The search for bioactive compounds from marine organisms in recent decades has produced an abundance of secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical and industrial applications Among these marine natural products, the isolation of halogenated derivatives from macroalgae has been exhaustively reported. Haloaryl secondary metabolites containing bromine are more common (176 compounds) secondary metabolites with chlorine is very similar to that with iodine, would not expected than with chlorine. The haloaryl secondary metabolites containing bromine are more common (176 compounds) because chloride and bromide are much more abundant than iodide in seawater [1]. The structure, natural occurrence, and biological activities of haloaryl secondary metabolites isolated from macroalgae are presented in alphabetical order by clade and genus .
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