Abstract
In this study, a novel electrogenic bacterium denoted as strain NIT-T3 of the genus Desulfuromonas was isolated from a graphene-oxide-reducing enrichment culture that was originally obtained from a mixture of seawater and coastal sand. Strain NIT-T3 utilized hydrogen and various organic acids as electron donors and exhibited respiration using electrodes, ferric iron, nitrate, and elemental sulfur. The strain contained C16:1ω7c, C16:0, and C15:0 as major fatty acids and MK-8, 9, and 7 as the major respiratory quinones. Strain NIT-T3 contained four 16S rRNA genes and showed 95.7% similarity to Desulfuromonas michiganensis BB1T, the closest relative. The genome was 4.7 Mbp in size and encoded 76 putative c-type cytochromes, which included 6 unique c-type cytochromes (<40% identity) compared to those in the database. Based on the physiological and genetic uniqueness, and wide metabolic capability, strain NIT-T3 is proposed as a type strain of ‘Desulfuromonas versatilis’ sp. nov.
Highlights
Anaerobic and extracellular electron-transferring (EET) bacteria are ubiquitously involved in the redox flow via solid conductors
TZ1 [24] and ‘D. soudanensis’ WTL [25], generate an electric current in pure cultures, and both have been isolated from electrodes set up in environments, such as marine sediment and Soudan mine, respectively. These results suggest that Desulfuromonas species play substantial roles similar to those of two representative electrogenic genera, Geobacter and Shewanella, in microbial elemental cycling on solid conductors, especially in marine sediments
Desulfuromonas andand its respiration-ability specific to solid minerals suggests the adaptation of theofgenus to solid its respiration-ability specific to solid minerals suggests the adaptation the genus to minerals or conductor-driven metabolism [8,9,10,11,12,13]
Summary
Anaerobic and extracellular electron-transferring (EET) bacteria are ubiquitously involved in the redox flow via solid conductors. The unique metabolism of such bacteria has been applied in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) to be used for wastewater treatment [1], production of renewable energy and value-added products [2], and bioremediation [3]. Both culture-dependent and -independent studies have revealed the presence and functional role of electrogenic microbes other than Geobacter and Shewanella [4]. The surface chemistry of electrodes provides selective pressure during the early growth of the biofilm [7]
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