Abstract
Two bacteriophages, ϕA38 and ϕA41, infecting Pectobacterium parmentieri strain SCC 3193 (former Pectobacterium wasabiae strain SCC 3193) were isolated from arable soil samples collected in different regions of Poland. ϕA38 and ϕA41 have a typical morphology of the members of the family Podoviride and order Caudovirales, with a head diameter of ca. 60 nm and tail length of ca. 20 nm. Phages ϕA38 and ϕA41 exhibited a similar RFLP pattern with Csp6I restriction endonuclease. They were stable in a range of pHs, temperatures and osmolarities but were rapidly inactivated by UV light. During the first 20 min., 74 and 69% of ϕA38 and ϕA41 phages, respectively, were adsorbed to SCC 3193 cells. In one-step growth experiments, ϕA38 and ϕA41 showed latent period of ca. 20–30 min and burst size of 102 and 141 phages, respectively. The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) was calculated to be 0.01 for both bacteriophages. In the host range experiments, both phages were able to infect six from 21 of the tested P. parmentieri isolates but the phages were unable to infect other members of the Pectobacterium spp. or Dickeya spp. In the proof-of-concept experiments, ϕA38 and ϕA41 were able to inhibit the growth of P. parmentieri strain SCC 3193 and to protect potato tuber tissue maceration caused by the bacterium. The potential use of ϕA38 and ϕA41 bacteriophages for the biocontrol of P. parmentieri in potato is discussed.
Highlights
Potato blackleg and tuber soft rot caused by pectinolytic bacteria Pectobacterium and Dickeya species may result in important losses in potato production worldwide (Toth et al 2011; Pérombelon 2002)
Between April and September 2013, 164 environmental samples were collected from different regions in Poland and assayed for the presence of lytic bacteriophages infecting P. parmentieri strain SCC 3193
After enrichment of putative bacteriophages in SCC 3193 cultures, only two samples yielded lytic bacteriophages able to infect and kill exclusively P. parmentieri SCC 3193 host
Summary
Potato blackleg and tuber soft rot caused by pectinolytic bacteria Pectobacterium and Dickeya species ( called soft rot Enterobacteriaceae – SRE) may result in important losses in (seed) potato production worldwide (Toth et al 2011; Pérombelon 2002). A number of isolates classified previously as P. carotovorum were re-classified as P. wasabiae due to the advances in development of genomebased taxonomical methods. The results of these phylogenomic studies indicated that P. wasabiae was present in association with potato in Europe already for a long time and it is not an invasive Pectobacterium spp. recently introduced to Europe from outside (Khayi et al 2016). In the last six years, potato-associated Pwa ( P. parmentieri) has continued to be an important causative agent of potato blackleg and soft rot in Europe leading to economically-important and increasing losses (van der Wolf et al 2017)
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