Abstract
This study reports the biodiversity of thermophilic cellulolytic bacterial strains that present in the north Malaysian mangrove ecosystem. Soil samples were collected at the four most northern state of Malaysia (Perak, Pulau Pinang, Kedah and Perlis). The samples obtained were first enriched in nutrient broth at 45°C and 55°C prior culturing in the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar medium. Repeated streaking was performed on the CMC agar to obtain a pure culture of each isolate prior subjecting it to hydrolysis capacity testing. The isolates that showing the cellulolytic zone (halozone) were sent for 16S rRNA sequencing. Total seven isolates (two from Perak, three from Kedah, another two were from Perlis and Penang each) showed halozone. The isolate (KFX-40) from Kedah exhibited highest halozone of 3.42 ± 0.58, meanwhile, the one obtained from Perak (AFZ-0) showed the lowest hydrolysis capacity (2.61 ± 0.10). Based on 16S rRNA sequencing results, 5 isolates (AFY-40, AFZ-0, KFX-40, RFY-20, and PFX-40) were determined to be Anoxybacillus sp. The other two isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis (KFY-40) and Paenibacillus dendritiformis (KFX-0). Based on growth curve, doubling time of Anoxybacillus sp. UniMAP-KB06 was calculated to be 32.3 min. Optimal cellulose hydrolysis temperature and pH of this strain were determined to be 55°C and 6.0 respectively. Addition of Mg2+ and Ca2+ were found to enhance the cellulase activity while Fe3+ acted as an enzyme inhibitor.
Highlights
Mangrove is an ecosystem that protects the land along the seashore from the soil erosion
This study reports the biodiversity of thermophilic cellulolytic bacterial strains that present in the north Malaysian mangrove ecosystem
It can be deduced that the mangrove ecosystems in northern states of Malaysia are slightly acidic
Summary
Mangrove is an ecosystem that protects the land along the seashore from the soil erosion. It is associated with the defense of shoreline against the flood mainly caused by heavy rainfall and tidal waves. Due to the root system which has a large spread out, the mangrove capable to promote the sedimentation besides claiming land from the sea. Mangrove plays an important role as a natural defense against ecological disasters (Kathiresan 2012). Mangrove homes variety of marine organisms such as fish, prawns, crabs, amphibians and many more. Mangrove involved in the purification of water by captivating impurities and heavy metals as well as absorbing the pollutants from the air
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