Abstract
The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify the dominant microorganism in Flammulina velutipes fruiting bodies (FVFB) and to develop kinetic models for describing its growth. The native microflora community on FVFB was isolated and identified using morphological examination and high-throughput sequencing analysis. FVFB presented complex microbial communities with dominant microorganisms being Lactococcus lactis. Irradiated FVFB were inoculated with the isolated strain of L. lactis and cultivated at various temperatures (4, 10, 16, 20, 25, 32, and 37°C). Three primary models, namely the Huang, Baranyi and Roberts, and reparameterized Gompertz models, and three secondary models, namely the Huang square-root, Ratkowsky square-root, and Arrhenius-type models, were developed and evaluated. With the lowest values of mean square error (MSE, 0.023–0.161) and root mean square error (RMSE, 0.152–0.401) values, the reparameterized Gompertz model was more suitable to describe the growth of L. lactis on FVFB than both Huang and Baranyi and Roberts models. The Ratkowsky square-root model provided more accurate estimation for the effect of temperature on the specific growth rate of L. lactis. The minimum growth temperature predicted by the Ratkowsky square-root model was −7.1°C. The kinetic models developed in this study could be used to evaluate the growth behavior of L. lactis on FVFB and estimate the shelf-life of FVFB.
Highlights
Flammulina velutipes, known as golden needle mushroom, is one of the major edible mushrooms employed in factory cultivation in East Asia (Fang et al, 2015)
L. lactis was the dominant microflora in Flammulina velutipes fruiting bodies (FVFB)
It might be exposed to temperature abuse during storage. Due to their high moisture and delicate epidermal structure, FVFB were an ideal medium for bacteria growth, including L. lactis
Summary
Flammulina velutipes, known as golden needle mushroom, is one of the major edible mushrooms employed in factory cultivation in East Asia (Fang et al, 2015). F. velutipes had various distinct advantages, owing to its simple cultivation technique, ability of fast fruiting, high yield, desirable taste, and rich in nutrients (essential amino acids, dietary fiber, protein, vitamins, and low in Lactococcus lactis on Flammulina velutipes fat). Since Flammulina velutipes fruiting bodies (FVFB) have a variety of bioactivities, such as hepatoprotective, antitumor, antihyperlipidemia, immune regulation, and so on (Zhao et al, 2019; Wang and Zhang, 2021), the consumption demands of FVFB were increasing rapidly. Niu et al (2020) reported that Pseudomonas spp. is spoilage organisms on postharvest FVFB. FVFB had a neutral pH value and high moisture content, which could be a suitable medium for the growth of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria
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