Isolation and Molecular Detection of Bacteria Causing Omphalitis in Poultry with Look on Antibiotic and Disinfectant Resistance

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is an international concern and creates critical health issues for both humans and animals. This research aimed to ascertain the prevalence of isolates, antibiotic, and disinfectant resistance patterns from omphalitis suspected chicks in Dinajpur, Bangladesh. A total of 24 yolk swab samples were collected from different hatcheries for microbiological analysis and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The PCR employing 16s and 23s RNA genes was conducted to detect Escherichia coli and invA genes were used to detect Salmonella spp. and 23S rRNA genes were applied for Staphylococcus spp. A total of 35 isolates were identified where 14 (40%) E.coli, 10 (28.58%) Salmonella spp., and 11 (31.42%) Staphylococcus spp. from day 1-8, respectively. The largest amount of bacteria on day 5, including day 7 (20%), followed by days 3, 4, and 6, including 6 (17.14%) observed, respectively. The PCR band of E. coli was detected at 232 bp, Salmonella spp. 284 bp and Staphylococcus spp. 1267 bp respectively. E. coli was highly resistant to Amoxicillin (100%), followed by Tetracycline (83.33%), whereas highly sensitive to cefotaxime (100%), Gentamicin and Co-trimoxazole (83.33%). Salmonella spp. indicates high susceptibility to Cefotaxime, Co-trimoxazole, and Ceftazidime (83.33%), followed by Gentamicin (66.67%) respectively, whereas Staphylococcus spp. was found to be highly resistant to Methicillin (100%) and Ampicillin (100%) followed by Gentamicin and Tetracycline (83.33%) respectively. The MAR index calculation of isolated E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. from different sources of poultry hatcheries was measured at 0.77, 0.79, and 0.77, which affect the newly hatched chicks in poultry industries. Therefore, an urgent surveillance program is needed to fight antimicrobial resistance in poultry production sectors in Bangladesh.