Abstract
Ethylene is an important factor that stimulates Hevea brasiliensis to produce natural rubber. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis. However, knowledge of the ACS gene family of H. brasiliensis is limited. In this study, nine ACS-like genes were identified in H. brasiliensis. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis results confirmed that seven isozymes (HbACS1–7) of these nine ACS-like genes were similar to ACS isozymes with ACS activity in other plants. Expression analysis results showed that seven ACS genes were differentially expressed in roots, barks, flowers, and leaves of H. brasiliensis. However, no or low ACS gene expression was detected in the latex of H. brasiliensis. Moreover, seven genes were differentially up-regulated by ethylene treatment.These results provided relevant information to help determine the functions of the ACS gene in H. brasiliensis, particularly the functions in regulating ethylene stimulation of latex production.
Highlights
As a gaseous phytohormone, ethylene is produced in most plant tissues and play an important role in regulating plant growth and developmental processes, including seed germination, root initiation, root gravitropism, fruit ripening, flower and leaf senescence, abscission, and stress responses [1,2].In plants, ethylene is synthesized from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) via 1-aminocyclopropane1-carboxylic acid (ACC)
The rate-limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis involves the conversion of SAM to ACC, and an increase in ethylene production is associated with a rapid increase in cellular ACC synthase (ACS) activity [5,6]
To identify the potential members of the ACS gene family in the rubber tree, we used all of the Arabidopsis ACS genes as queries and obtained all possible ACS genes by searching the NCBI database
Summary
Ethylene is produced in most plant tissues and play an important role in regulating plant growth and developmental processes, including seed germination, root initiation, root gravitropism, fruit ripening, flower and leaf senescence, abscission, and stress responses [1,2].In plants, ethylene is synthesized from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) via 1-aminocyclopropane1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Ethylene is produced in most plant tissues and play an important role in regulating plant growth and developmental processes, including seed germination, root initiation, root gravitropism, fruit ripening, flower and leaf senescence, abscission, and stress responses [1,2]. The conversion of SAM to ACC by ACC synthase (ACS) and the conversion of ACC to ethylene by ACC oxidase (ACO) are two key steps in ethylene biosynthesis [3,4]. The rate-limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis involves the conversion of SAM to ACC, and an increase in ethylene production is associated with a rapid increase in cellular ACS activity [5,6]. The first ACS gene was cloned from zucchini [10]; Since researchers have isolated and extensively studied numerous ACS genes from various plant species, such as Arabidopsis, Dianthus caryophyllus, Solanum lycopersicum, Prunus salicina, and
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