Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (AC), an edible Taiwanese mushroom, has been recognized as a valuable natural resource with vast biological and medicinal benefits. Recently, the hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic effects of AC were mentioned in several studies. However, no studies have investigated α-glucosidase inhibitors from AC fruiting bodies (ACFB) as they relate to type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. The purpose of this study was to gain evidence of potent α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, as well as isolate, identify and characterize the active compounds of ACFB. The MeOH extract of ACFB demonstrated potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and possessed high pH stability (pH 2–11) and thermostable properties at 40–50 °C. Further purification led to the isolation of eight constituents from ACFB, identified as: 25S-antcin K (1), 25R-antcin K (2), dehydrosulphurenic acid (3), 25S-antcin I (4), 25S-antcin B (5), 25R-antcin B (6), dehydroeburicoic acid (7) and eburicoic acid (8). Notably, the ACFB extract and its identified compounds, except 1, 4, and 6 demonstrated a greater effect (EC50 = 0.025–0.21 mg/mL) than acarbose (EC50 = 0.278 mg/mL). As such, these active compounds were determined to be new potent mushroom α-glucosidase inhibitors. These active compounds were also identified on the HPLC fingerprints of ACFB.
Highlights
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder, has been dramatically increasing and reducing people’s quality of life worldwide [1]
The results of this study contributed to the catalogue of novel biological activities of Antrodia cinnamomea (AC), as well as its constituents
AC fruiting bodies (ACFB) were extracted by methanol and used for bioassay
Summary
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder, has been dramatically increasing and reducing people’s quality of life worldwide [1]. People with DM are at high risk for many other complications, including kidney failure, depression, cardiovascular disease, frailty, cognitive decline or premature death [2]. The number of diabetics was reported to be 382 million. 90% of cases in 2013 were type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the number of total DM cases is estimated to increase to 592 million by 2035 [3]. Molecules 2018, 23, 2864 the use of α-glucosidase inhibitors (aGIs) [4]. Several commercial aGIs, such as acarbose, voglibose and miglitol, are available some side effects have been reported, including diarrhea, flatulence and abdominal discomfort [5]. The search for safe and natural sources of active aGIs, along with their isolation and identification, is a high priority
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