Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly infectious intestinal disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). A PEDV strain was isolated from the piglet intestinal tract in Vero cells in Jiangsu Province, designated as the JS-A strain. PEDV was identified as the isolated virus by cytopathology, immunofluorescence assay, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and sequence analysis. The full-length genome of the JS-A isolate and the S gene were systematically analyzed, indicating that PEDV JS-A belongs to the G2a subtype, which is closely related to the prevalent PEDV in many countries and different from many current vaccines. Animal regression tests showed that piglets that are orally infected with the virus continue to develop diarrhea with yellowish and unpleasant odors. Further, piglets showed reduced food consumption and weight loss in the challenged group, while there were no abnormalities in the control group. In addition, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I, and the downstream medium gene in the intestinal mucosa of newborn pigs infected with PEDV JS-A strain were studied. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was the only IgG transport receptor and protected IgG from degradation. Therefore, PEDV JS-A infection might inhibit FcRn expression by down-regulating TLRs and downstream signaling molecules. Taken together, isolation of the JS-A variant contributes to evolutionary analysis of the diarrhea virus. Further, the experimental infection model lays a foundation for further research related to vaccine development and the antiviral natural immune response of infected piglets, which helps us to better understand PEDV pathogenesis and immune mechanism.

Highlights

  • Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe enteritis, watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and even death in suckling piglets

  • We studied the gene regulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I, and downstream signaling pathways in the intestinal mucosa of pigs newly infected with JS-A

  • According to the structural analysis of the infected cells by transmission electron microscopy, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) virus particles were round and showed obvious radial protrusion (Figure 1C), which is typical of coronaviruses

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Summary

Introduction

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe enteritis, watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and even death in suckling piglets. In the 1970s, the first PEDV outbreak occurred in Europe (Wood, 1977). The virus affected many countries such as the Czech Republic, Belgium, Hungary, South Korea, Italy, and Thailand (Song and Park, 2012). Since 2010, a PEDV Regulate Swine Innate Immunity large-scale outbreak of PEDV has occurred in swine herds around China. The emergence of PEDV occurred in Ohio in the United States in 2013, which spread throughout the United States (Huang et al, 2013). Due to lack of effective vaccines, isolation and identification of new PEDV strains to develop appropriate vaccines for prevention and control of the disease have garnered great interest

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