Abstract
BackgroundThe ocean is one of the world’s most important sources of bioactive chemicals in the marine environment. Microbiologists, ecologists, agronomists, taxonomists, and evolutionary biologists have been increasingly interested in marine microbial natural products (MMNPs) in recent decades. Main bodyDiverse marine bacteria appear to get the ability to manufacture an astounding diversity of MMNPs with a wide range of biological actions, including anti-tumor, antimicrobial, and anti-cardiovascular agents according to numerous studies. Short conclusionsInnovative isolation and culture methodologies, tactics for identifying novel MMNPs via routine screens, metagenomics, genomics, combinatorial biosynthesis, and synthetic biology are all discussed in this review. There is also a discussion of potential issues and future directions for studying MMNPs.
Highlights
The ocean is one of the world’s most important sources of bioactive chemicals in the marine environment
We review the recent advances in marine microbial natural products (MMNPs) discovery and development, especially addressing two important topics: (i) isolation and cultivation approaches of marine microorganisms and (ii) strategies for the discovery and development of MMNPs
MMNPs discovery via metagenomics More than 99% of bacteria are difficult to cultivate in the lab
Summary
The oceans, which cover more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, are rich in biodiversity and a rich source of microorganisms with enormous potential. The most efficient inducer was cAMP, which resulted in cultivation efficiencies of up to 100% of total counts of bacteria Other culture conditions such as medium ionic strength are important to growth of marine microbes. Three reviews [11, 29, 38] have explored the potential causes of unculturability as well as various different ways for cultivating unculturable bacteria despite the fact that many “not-yet-cultured” species can be cultivated, and the molecular processes of unculturability have been discovered, finding new cultivation tactics is still an effective step for all microbiologists and plays a significant role in identifying new species Various techniques such as high throughput screening (HTS), diffusion chamber system [37, 39], encapsulation method [34, 40], soil substrate membrane system [41–44], filtration method [45], density-gradient centrifugation, extinction dilution [46], and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) [46] have had a significant impact on recovering as-yet-uncultivated species. Using the culture supernatant or extract of cell pellet, bioactivity-guided screening can discover activity such as
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