Abstract
Palopo, South Sulawesi, is one of the traditional industrial centers of sago processing. The accumulation of sago pith waste around industrial sites can pollute the environment. Some microorganisms can degrade the cellulose in sago pith waste. This study was aimed to evaluate the indigenous cellulolytic bacteria from sago pith waste as a biodegradation agent. Bacteria were isolated from sago pith waste and grown on a 1% Carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) agar medium. The cellulolytic activity was analyzed semiquantitatively using 1% Congo red and quantitatively using the 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNS) method at pH variations of 4, 5, and 6. The potential isolate was identified based on 16S rDNA sequence similarity. This study obtained 21 bacterial isolates where six isolates were A1D, A1E, A1I, A1K, A2A, and B1A had the highest cellulolytic index at 0.82 – 1.13. Among those six isolates, the A1E isolate had the highest cellulolytic activity, 0.54 U.mL-1 at pH 6. The isolate A1E was identified as Burkholderia cepacia JCM 2799 with 99.73% similarity of 16S rDNA sequence. Keywords: Burkholderia cepacia, cellulolytic bacteria, cellulase enzyme, sago waste.
Highlights
Sago (Metroxylon sago Rott.) is a native plant in Southeast Asia
Cellulolytic bacteria can degrade cellulose by producing extracellular cellulase enzymes
Sago pith waste was collected from the traditional industry of sago in Palopo, South Sulawesi at two locations, location A (2°53'34"S 120°10'18"E) and location B (3°2'20.20"S 120°12'33.77"E)
Summary
Sago (Metroxylon sago Rott.) is a native plant in Southeast Asia. Indonesia has the largest sago plantation in the world. Soil contamination caused by the sago pith waste requires serious attention, so it is important to degrade it by utilizing microorganisms. Sago pith waste contains 20% of cellulose [4]. Cellulolytic bacteria can degrade cellulose by producing extracellular cellulase enzymes. Cellulase is an enzyme that catalyzes the cellulolysis process (hydrolysis of cellulose) to be glucose, cellobiose, and cellooligosaccharides [6]. Cellulase enzymes produced by microorganisms play an important role in the biodegradation of cellulose and lignocellulose wastes to be more simple compounds. Cellobiohydrolase (CBH; or Exo-β-1,4-glucanase, β-1,4-D-glucancellobiohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.91) attack the nonreducing cellooligosaccharide chain or crystalline regions and produce cellobiose, the cellobiose will be hydrolyzed into glucose by βglucosidase (BG; cellobiase, β-D-glucoside glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) [7]. This study is important to obtain bacterial isolates that have potency as biodegradation agents to solve the problem of sago pith waste
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