Abstract
ABSTRACTBacterial diseases of Cymbidium orchids continue to threaten the floriculture industry. Bacterial isolates were isolated and cultured from Cymbidium plants exhibiting disease symptoms: black lesions with or without water-soaking on leaves. To identify the bacterial isolates, we performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using species-specific primers. The pathogen was tentatively identified as Burkholderia gladioli, which was first described as a phytopathogen, and later associated with human infections, especially with patients with cystic fibrosis. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) products digested with HinfI and sequencing of the 16S rDNA confirmed the isolate as B. gladioli. Burkholderia gladioli strains infecting plants are divided into two pathovars: alliicola and gladioli. Pathogenicity tests showed that the isolate proved to be pathogenic to Cymbidium orchid but not to onion plants, a common host for B. gladioli pv. alliicola. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. gladioli in Cymbidium orchids in Korea.
Highlights
Burkholderia spp. is a genus of aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile proteobacteria found in diverse habitats
Our results indicate that the isolate 29 is pathogenic to Cymbidium but not to onion, suggesting that the isolate 2-9 could be B. gladioli pv. gladioli (Bgg)
Bacterial isolates were isolated from Cymbidium leaves exhibiting dark-brown to black lesions
Summary
Burkholderia spp. is a genus of aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile proteobacteria found in diverse habitats. Some of them are reported to have plant growth-promoting, endophytic and antifungal strains with potential biocontrol activity [1]. Many of them are mainly known as plant or human pathogens. Burkholderia gladioli, was initially identified as a pathogen of gladiolus [2]. It was subsequently reported that the bacteria are associated with diseases in other plants and three pathovars were identified according to their specialization to the host plant. Alliicola (formerly known as Pseudomonas alliicola) causes onion bulb rot, B. gladioli pv. Gladioli (formerly Pseudomonas marginata) causes a leaf and corn disease in gladioli and irises and B. gladioli pv. Agaricicola causes soft rot in the mushroom Agaricus bitorquis [3]. A fourth pathovar, B. gladioli pv. cocovenenans (formerly Pseudomonas cocovenenans), is a lethal toxin-producing strain and provides differential characteristics of the food-poisoning pathovar from phytopathogenic pathovars [4]
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