Isolation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Endophytic Fungal Extract from Mallotus philippinensis Muell

Mayank Gangwar,Vijay C

doi:10.4172/2471-9315.1000103

Abstract

Mallotus philippinensis Muell an important medicinal plant in the present study i.e., endophytic extracts of different fungi associated with asymptomatic were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. This will be a new promising source of antimicrobials known as endophytes. In this preliminary study, different parts of plants viz. steam and leaves were used for isolation of endophytic fungi and fermented. The endophytic fungi were identified based on their morphology and characteristics of fungal spores. The cell free ferment broth was subjected to antimicrobial assay against different human pathogenic microbes viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, E. faecalis, K .pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa and three fungal pathogenic strains of candida i.e. C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusie by using standard disc diffusion method. The results showed that some of these endophytic extracts had prominent antimicrobial inhibitory effects. Among these fungal endophytes, two strains Alternaria spp., Pestalotiopsis spp., and Phompsis spp. showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. faecalis. An endophyte Pestalotiopsis spp. had the most pronounced effect on all the Candida strains exhibited the strongest antifungal activity. This present study has proven that both these medicinal plants may be a rich source of endophytic fungi with potential to produce bioactive producing antibacterial and antifungal activities. These antipathogenic endophytes could be applied as new sources of antibiotics in agriculture and pharmaceutical industry.

Highlights

Antimicrobial resistance against many infectious disease caused by bacteria and fungus is increasing, which renders treatment of critical infectious illnesses more difficult
All sample tissues were placed onto separate petri dishes (60 mm) containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 250 mg/l oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Terramycin, Pfizer) for isolating endophytic fungi
Several strains were isolated from surface sterilized stem tissues of the Mallotus plant, the tissue platted on a PDA plate after incubation up to two weeks, showed emergence of several endophytic hyphae (Figure 1), which were further purified on separate fresh PDA plates for pure strain (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance against many infectious disease caused by bacteria and fungus is increasing, which renders treatment of critical infectious illnesses more difficult. This leads to research of some novel antimicrobial with some different mode of action and origin too. Fungal endophytes are ubiquitously present to each and every plant, inhabiting the internal part of plant without causing any immediate negative effect These microorganisms because of their potential producer of important secondary bioactive compounds representing an array of biological activities [3] and for their applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Almost every plant species (~400, 000) harbour endophytic organisms [4]

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Conclusion