Abstract
Problems statement: Lack of information on locally isolated cellulase-producing bacterium in thermophilic compost using a mixture of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as composting materials. Approach: The isolation of microbes from compost heap was conducted at day 7 of composting process where the mixture of composting materials consisted of 45.8% cellulose, 17.1% hemicellulose and 28.3% lignin content. The temperature, pH and moisture content of the composting pile at day 7 treatment were 58.3, 8.1 and 65.5°C, respectively. The morphological analysis of the isolated microbes was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Gram stain method. The congo red test was conducted in order to detect 1% CMC agar degradation activities. Total genomic DNAs were extracted from approximately 1.0 g of mixed compost and amplified by using PCR primers. The PCR product was sequent to identify the nearest relatives of 16S rRNA genes. The localization of bacteria chromosomes was determined by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis. Results: Single isolated bacteria species was successfully isolated from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)-Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) compost at thermophilic stage. Restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles of the DNAs coding for the 16S rRNAs with the phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated bacteria from EFB-POME thermophilic compost gave the highest homology (99%) with similarity to Geobacillus pallidus. The strain was spore forming bacteria and able to grow at 60°C with pH 7. Conclusion: Thermophilic bacteria strain, Geobacillus pallidus was successfully isolated from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mil Effluent (POME) compost and characterized.
Highlights
Composting can be defined as the controlled biological decomposition of organic substrates carried out by successive microbial populations combining both mesophilic and thermophilic activities, leading to the production of a final product sufficiently stable for agricultural field without adverse environmental effects (Iyengar and Bhave, 2005)
The aim of this study is to identify and characterize thermophilic cellulase-producing bacteria isolated from Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) compost
16S rRNA gene sequence: The 16S rDNA sequence of the strain was determined from genomic DNA isolated from pure culture bacteria shake flask
Summary
Composting can be defined as the controlled biological decomposition of organic substrates carried out by successive microbial populations combining both mesophilic and thermophilic activities, leading to the production of a final product sufficiently stable for agricultural field without adverse environmental effects (Iyengar and Bhave, 2005). EFB contain a high proportion of cellulosic matter which is decomposed by a combination of Corresponding Author: Suraini Abd-Aziz, Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: +603-8946 7479. Many microorganisms are capable of degrading and utilizing cellulose and hemicellulose as carbon and energy sources. The capacity of thermophilic microorganisms to assimilate organic matter depends on their ability to produce the enzymes needed for degradation of the substrate (Tuomela et al, 2000)
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