Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) constitute a group of steroidal phytohormones that contribute to a wide range of plant growth and development functions. The genetic modulation of BR receptor genes, which play major roles in the BR signaling pathway, can create semi-dwarf plants that have great advantages in crop production. In this study, a brassinosteroid insensitive gene homologous with AtBRI1 and other BRIs was isolated from Glycine max and designated as GmBRI1. A bioinformatic analysis revealed that GmBRI1 shares a conserved kinase domain and 25 tandem leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) that are characteristic of a BR receptor for BR reception and reaction and bear a striking similarity in protein tertiary structure to AtBRI1. GmBRI1 transcripts were more abundant in soybean hypocotyls and could be upregulated in response to exogenous BR treatment. The transformation of GmBRI1 into the Arabidopsis dwarf mutant bri1-5 restored the phenotype, especially regarding pod size and plant height. Additionally, this complementation is a consequence of a restored BR signaling pathway demonstrated in the light/dark analysis, root inhibition assay and BR-response gene expression. Therefore, GmBRI1 functions as a BR receptor to alter BR-mediated signaling and is valuable for improving plant architecture and enhancing the yield of soybean.
Highlights
The soaring demand for more plant-derived products makes a new green revolution essential.Because great success has been achieved by semi-dwarf wheat and rice in the green revolution of the1960s, enhancing yields and reducing lodging remain the eternal theme [1,2]
In the BR signaling pathway, BRs are perceived by a plasma membrane receptor, brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1), a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase (RLK) [12]
The sequencing results showed that the GmBRI1 gene contained a 3555-bp open reading frame (ORF) and, like its ortholog in Arabidopsis, has no introns
Summary
The soaring demand for more plant-derived products makes a new green revolution essential.Because great success has been achieved by semi-dwarf wheat and rice in the green revolution of the1960s, enhancing yields and reducing lodging remain the eternal theme [1,2]. The findings that the modification of the gibberellic acid pathway confers such semi-dwarfness highlight the important role of phytohormones in plant development and architecture that underlie high yield [3,4]. The great potential of brassinosteroids (BRs) in agriculture has been recognized, as there is substantial evidence that the genetic modulation of BR signaling can create a semi-dwarf phenotype that provides lodging resistance and, in turn, impacts yield [5,6]. The structure of the BRI1 protein is highly adapted to its function in BR perception and receptor activation.
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