Abstract
This study was designed to isolate and characterize endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria associated with the halophyte plant Sesuvium verrucosum, grown under extreme salinity soil in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The plant growth promotion activities of isolated bacterial were evaluated in vitro. A total of 19 salt tolerant endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial isolates were obtained and grouped into six according to genetic similarity based on RAPD data. These six isolates were identified by amplification and partial sequences of 16S rDNA as Enterobacter cancerogenus,Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and two Enterobacter sp. Isolates were then grown until exponential growth phase to evaluate the atmospheric nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and production of phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, as well as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. While, All of the six strains were negative for ACC deaminaseactivity, two isolates showed Nitrogen fixation activity, three isolates produce the plant hormone (Indole acetic acid) and two isolates have the activity of solubiliztion of organic phosphate. Among the six isolates, the isolate (R3) from the soil around the roots is able to perform the three previous growth promoting possibilities together and it is ideal for use in promoting the growth of plants under the high salinity conditions. This isolate is candidate to prepare a friendly biofertelizer that can be used for the improvement of the crops performance under salinity conditions.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 552-560
Highlights
Environmental stresses such as drought, temperature, salinity, air pollution, heavy metals, pesticides, and soil pH are major limiting factors in crop production because they affect almost all plant functions
In some halophytes as well as salt tolerant could be considered the endophytic association between plant and rhizobacteria able to improve the plant growth in abiotic stress conditions, named by Kloepper and Schroth (1978) as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).Recently, the importance of these bacteria due to their ability to promote plant growth rhizobcteria is being used as biofertilizer and bioenhancer for different plants as alternative source of chemical fertilizer (Compant et al, 2010; George et al, 2012; Beneduzi et al, 2013)
The main objective of this study was to isolate and molecular characterize the properties of salt tolerant endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria that isolated from S. verrucosum roots under salinity conditions, screen them for their plant growth promoting capacities with the potential to have biotechnological interest for their use in sustainable agriculture
Summary
Environmental stresses such as drought, temperature, salinity, air pollution, heavy metals, pesticides, and soil pH are major limiting factors in crop production because they affect almost all plant functions. About 20% of cultivable and a least half of irrigated lands around the world are severely affected by salinity (Rhoades and Loveday, 1990; Dawwam et al, 2013) In these conditions, there are plant populations successfully adapted and evolutionarily different in their strategy of salt tolerance. The plant inside and rhizospheric bacteria take advantage of a major availability of nutrients, and plants receive from bacteria both protection against pathogens and enhanced growth These types of bacteria have concerned attention because of the need to reduce the use of chemicals, especially in view of the context of sustainable agriculture and environmental protection (Compant et al, 2011; Etesami et al, 2015). Bacteria promoting plant growth can act directly, through one or more mechanisms, including nitrogen fixation (Nair et al 2011; Rashid et al 2012), phosphate solubilization (Mandal et al, 2007; Etesami et al, 2015), production of hormones such as auxins, gibberellins and zeatin (Cassan et al, 2009(, ammonium ion production (Compant et al, 2011, Pandya et al, 2015), or
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