Isolation and Characterization of Gibberellin (GA-3) from Banana Blossom of Musa balbisiana Colla and Effect of The Isolate Addition on The Growth of Soybean (Glycine max) Plant

Abstract

There is a type of banana that is unique because the flesh is filled with black seeds locally known as “pisang batu” (Musa balbisiana Colla). The objective of research was directed to determine the content of GA3 in banana blossom of M. balbisiana Colla and its effect on the growth of soybean (Glycine max) plant in vegetative and generative phase. GA3 was prepared by maceration followed by extraction using ethyl acetate and further purified using adsorption column chromatography and preparative TLC. The isolated product was then characterized using FTIR and HPLC. Sprouts of soybeans with uniform height were planted on polybags containing a mixture of planting media (soil: husk: manure = 3:2:1). The sprout was divided into five groups. The first group is the control only spraying with water, while others groups were treated by spraying GA3 isolate, crude extract, commercial Biostimulant and 1% NPK fertilizer. The soybean was determined for chlorophyll content of the leaf, proximate content and α-amylase activity. The results of HPLC and FTIR on gibberelline isolates showed a retention time and wave number which is relatively similar to the GA3 standard. GA3 levels in banana blossom of M. balbisiana Colla were 2.55 mg/g dry weight. The results of research showed that the GA3 isolate, crude extract and commercial biostimulant have significant effects on the growth of soybean plant both in the vegetative and generative phases for each parameter determined, proximate content, chlorophyll content and α-amylase activity compared to the control and NPK fertilizer.