Abstract
In 2016, necrosis symptoms was observed on stem and flower of red poppy (Papaver rhoeas) in Hamadan province of Iran. Symptomatic samples were collected and suspicious bacterial agent was isolated on nutrient agar medium. The phenotypic features of the bacterial strains were characterized and some molecular traits were examined. The bacterial strains phenotypically showed a high similarity to the members of Enterobacteriaceae, in particular Erwinia piriflorinigrans. All tested strains were pathogenic on red poppy and blossoms of pear under greenhouse condition. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and atpD genes sequences showed that representative strains were very similar to Erwinia piriflorinigrans. This is the first report of the presence of Erwinia piriflorinigrans as a causal agent of flower necrosis of red poppy worldwide.
Highlights
Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) is an annual herb indigenous to Iran and many other regions in the world
Place of isolation Hamedan Tuyserkan Asadabad a total of 30 bacterial strains were isolated from difference region of Hamadan province (Table 1)
Based on the determined phenotypic features they were belongs to Enterobacteriaceae, in particular the genus Erwinia (Schaad et al 2001)
Summary
Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) is an annual herb indigenous to Iran and many other regions in the world (zargari 1994). Erwinia species cause plant diseases that include mainly blights and wilts diseases. The genus Erwinia includes pear pathogens such as Erwinia pyrifoliae, reported in Korea (Kim et al 1999), Erwinia spp. causing bacterial shoot blight of pear (Tanii et al 1981; Beer et al 1995), E. uzenensis, the causal agent of bacterial black shoot disease of European pear in Japan (Mizuno et al 2010; Matsuura et al 2012), and the rosaceous epiphytes E. tasmaniensis (Geider et al 2006) and E. billingiae (Mergaert et al 1999). Fire blight, caused by the invasive enterobacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a major disease threat to pome fruit production globally, for which it has profound socioeconomic impact (Bonn and van der Zwet 2000). The disease develops as blossom, shoot, trunk, or root stock blight depending of the plant tissue affected by the organism (Smits et al 2013)
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