Abstract
Ammonia from livestock manure reacts with chemical components discharged from various emission sources to produce airborne particulate matter. This study aimed to investigate a novel effective microbial agent to suppress ammonia gas emitted from manure. Both isolated L12I and 12III strains, identified as Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), were selected for their superior activity in assays performed with the evaluation criteria such as acid production, ammonia decomposition, and urease inhibition, which are key factors influencing ammonia excretion. The survivability of PA strains was confirmed by an increase in DNA abundance in the manure. PA strains lowered the pH of manure and suppressed the growth of hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria (HAB) possessing urease activity. The L12I and 12III treatment groups showed 23.58% and 38.00% emission reductions, respectively. Especially, the 12III strain was proven to be the more effective strain for reducing ammonia gas emission, with the best ability to reduce pH and inhibit HAB. The strains could have an additive effect in improving the manure quality as a nitrogen fertilizer by preserving the total nitrogen and urea content. These results suggest that PA strains can be used as unprecedented microbial agents to improve manure-derived environmental pollution and improve fertilizer quality.
Highlights
It has been reported that the fine dust level in Korea corresponds to a high concentration risk level among countries that have signed the Convention on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) [1]
This study was conducted to investigate the cause of ammonia, a major factor of air pollution, emitted from livestock manure and to verify the efficacy of a novel microbial agent to reduce ammonia gas
L12I and 12III (P. acidilactici) were selected as effective strains to reduce pH, ammonia concentration, and urease activity, which act as emission factors
Summary
It has been reported that the fine dust level in Korea corresponds to a high concentration risk level among countries that have signed the Convention on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) [1]. Fine dust is a carcinogenic substance that causes various diseases due to oxidative penetration into human organs, such as parts of the respiratory system and skin [2]. Gaseous chemicals emitted from various sources, such as livestock, factories, and automobiles, react with each other and produce fine dust in the atmosphere, and ammonia serves as the main precursor of fine dust. Ammonia reacts with other volatile components such as oxides of nitrogen and sulfur and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere to produce particulate fine dust, such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate [3]. Livestock manure contains various nitrogen compounds including urea, and ammonia accumulates in the manure because of the enzymatic activity
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