Abstract
ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in sub-clinically mastitic (SCM) animals, and in wild and migratory birds which may act as reservoir disseminating such pathogen. Farm hygiene, management and milking procedures were listed through a questionnaire. Thirty lactating cows and 15 lactating buffaloes from five small-scale dairy farms were randomly selected and screened for subclinical mastitis (SCM) using California Mastitis Test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). In addition, 80 teat skin swabs, 5 drinking water samples and 38 wild and migratory bird faecal matter were also collected. All samples were processed for E. coli isolation by culturing on Levine’s Eosin Methylene Blue (L-EMB) agar, followed by purification and biochemical identification. Positive samples were subjected to molecular identification and serotyping. In addition, the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing E. coli have been reported by antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Escherichia coli were isolated from 7.7%, 50% and 50% of the positive CMT cows’ quarters, cows’ composite and buffaloes’ composite milk samples, respectively. In addition, 14% of cows’ teats, 20% of water samples, 70% of faecal matter from wild bird, and 33.3% of faecal matter from migratory waterfowls were carrying E. coli. Serotyping, antibiotic-resistant pattern and phylogenetic analysis have pointed the bearable implication of milking hygiene and wild birds in disseminating E. coli strains causing intramammary infections.
Highlights
Bovine mastitis continues to be a major infection that affects a high proportion of dairy populations worldwide with a negative economic impact on dairy farmers and the dairy industry [1,2,3]
Migratory and nonmigratory wild birds serve as reservoirs of coliform bacteria, like E. coli, inclosing antimicrobial-resistance genes [17,18]
Extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli is mostly insensitive to lots of commonly used antibiotics causing an increase in the use of last-resort antimicrobial drugs during treatment
Summary
Bovine mastitis continues to be a major infection that affects a high proportion of dairy populations worldwide with a negative economic impact on dairy farmers and the dairy industry [1,2,3]. It possesses a public health concern [4], besides it is considered the single most prevalent cause for antibacterial use in lactating dairy animals [5]. Migratory and nonmigratory wild birds serve as reservoirs of coliform bacteria, like E. coli, inclosing antimicrobial-resistance genes [17,18]. Extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli is mostly insensitive to lots of commonly used antibiotics causing an increase in the use of last-resort antimicrobial drugs (i.e. carbapenems) during treatment
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