Abstract
The aim of this work was to extract, isolate and characterise the chemical constituent from Leptadenia hastata roots. Fresh roots were washed and dried and was subjected to sequential maceration in polar and non-polar solvents. And introduced into rotary evaporator to concentrate the extract. Isolated compound was subjected to Thin Layer Chromatography and spectral analysis such as column and UV-Visible spectroscopy were used in the detection of the spots, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometric (GC-MS). Characterization was done using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Furrier Transform-Infra Ray (FT-IR) as shown the flow chart. Disc diffusion method was applied for the antibacterial test. Brine shrimp for cytotoxicity, DPPH for Antioxidant. The isolated compound were Methyl biphenyl-4-Carboxylate (1) and Methyl salicylate (2). Higher cytotoxicity was observed in the isolated pure compound with LC50 of 8.770 µg/mL and 23.982 µg/mL. The Antioxidant IC50 activity was observed to be 77.79 µg/mL and 61.96 µg/mL and the compounds was observed to have significant activity on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi. From this studies it was concluded that the isolated compounds from the root extract of Leptadenia hastata was confirmed as Methyl biphenyl-4-Carboxylate (1) and Methyl salicylate (2) and a very strong Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, was established. Antibacterial potential was observed against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi. Thus could be used as an agent for anticancer, antibacterial and as a good source of antioxidant. This compounds though common was isolated and characterized for the first time from the roots extracts Leptadenia hastata.
Highlights
Leptadenia hastata is edible non-domesticated vegetable and it is collected in wild throughout Africa
Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis of fractions that were obtained from Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) as single spot was performed using a Shimadzu GC-Mass Spectrometry model QP2010 plus, equipped with a BPX-5 column (5% phenyl polysylphenlenesiloxane) of 30 m in length, film thickness of 0.25 μm and internal diameter of 0.25 mm
The concentration of the sample required to inhibit 50% of the DPPH free radical was calculated as IC50 and the value was determined using Log dose inhibition curve which performed by using PRISM version 3.02 software, based on the calculated values of the DPPH scavenging activity (%) of the sample (Tailor and Goyal, 2014)
Summary
Leptadenia hastata is edible non-domesticated vegetable and it is collected in wild throughout Africa. The plant is a voluble herb with creeping latex stems, glabescent leaves, glomerulus and racemus flowers as well as follicle fruits. It is typically grown in tropical dry lands in sandy soil. Wild foods like Leptadenia hastata provide food security during seasonal changes and are used medicinally in many areas (Thomas, 2012). The plant is able to continue growing in harsh, dry conditions when other plants are dying, it is commonly used among Michika communities in the north eastern part of Nigeria as a spice and as sauces. Traditional medical practitioner uses the plant as a remedy for anthypertension, catarrh and skin diseases. The roots are used to treat scabies and locally used for sexual potency (Umaru et al, 2018)
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