Isolation and characterization of an antibacterium against Vibrio harveyi 11593 from a mixed pond with penaeus japonicus bate, portunus trituberculatus and ruditapes philippinarum in China

Abstract

Aquaculture diseases, particularly Vibriosis, are becoming a pressing concern due to incurred aquacultural loss in China. Commercial antibiotics may be used to control it, but its increased antibiotic resistance to prominent pathogenic bacteria has become a prevalent problem nationwide, and a global threat to public health. Probiotics are recommended instead because they are healthy, environment-friendly, and capable of maintaining productivity. An antibacterium against Vibrio harveyi 11593 was isolated from a mariculture pond with shrimp, crabs, and shellfish in China. The bacterium, E14, has an inhibitory zone diameter (DIZ) of 24.5 ± 0.5 mm. The strain was identified as Bacillus pumilus based on morphological observation, conventional biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The gram-positiveand motile bacterium is around 1.10-1.32 pm × 0.67-0.83 μm in size. Optimized conditions for antimicrobial substance production of B. pumilus E14 require that it be cultured for 26 h at 28 °C, with an initial pH of 7.0 in 100 mL/500 mL LB with 3% NaCl. The B. pumilus E14 cultures were confirmed to be safe and efficacious and actually worked to protect the host animal in shrimp larvae (Penaeus chinensis) culture. The B. pumilus E14 obtained in this study strengthened the strain's defense against aquaculture disease and made a good candidate for an alternative probiotics and benefit to sustainability of aquaculture.