Abstract
BackgroundNodaviridae is a family of non-enveloped isometric viruses with bipartite positive-sense RNA genomes. The Nodaviridae family consists of two genera: alpha- and beta-nodavirus. Alphanodaviruses usually infect insect cells. Some commercially available insect cell lines have been latently infected by Alphanodaviruses.ResultsA non-enveloped small virus of approximately 30 nm in diameter was discovered co-existing with a recombinant Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) in Hz-AM1 cells. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic assays indicate that this novel virus belongs to the genus of alphanodavirus in the family Nodaviridae and was designated HzNV. HzNV possesses a RNA genome that contains two segments. RNA1 is 3038 nt long and encodes a 110 kDa viral protein termed protein A. The 1404 nt long RNA2 encodes a 44 kDa protein, which exhibits a high homology with coat protein precursors of other alphanodaviruses. HzNV virions were located in the cytoplasm, in association with cytoplasmic membrane structures. The host susceptibility test demonstrated that HzNV was able to infect various cell lines ranging from insect cells to mammalian cells. However, only Hz-AM1 appeared to be fully permissive for HzNV, as the mature viral coat protein essential for HzNV particle formation was limited to Hz-AM1 cells.ConclusionA novel alphanodavirus, which is 30 nm in diameter and with a limited host range, was discovered in Hz-AM1 cells.
Highlights
Nodaviridae is a family of non-enveloped isometric viruses with bipartite positive-sense RNA genomes
Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells were cultured in DMEM (Invitrogen) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37°C
Viral morphology and phenotype When the hemolymph of H. armigera larvae, bearing recombinant Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV), were used to infect fresh HzAM1 cells, an array of non-enveloped, small sized and spherical viral particles were seen in addition to the expected NPV pathology by electron microscopy (TEM) (Figure 1A)
Summary
Nodaviridae is a family of non-enveloped isometric viruses with bipartite positive-sense RNA genomes. The Nodaviridae family consists of two genera: alpha- and beta-nodavirus. Some commercially available insect cell lines have been latently infected by Alphanodaviruses. Nodaviridae is a family of non-enveloped isometric viruses with a bipartite positive-sense RNA genome [1]. The Nodaviridae family has two genera: alphanodavirus, originally isolated from insects, and betanodavirus, one of the causal agents of mortality in cultured marine fish species worldwide [2,3]. Nodavirus particles range from 29 to 35 nm in diameter and consist of two segments of single-stranded RNA that are co-packaged into one virion [5]. RNA2 encodes protein a, a viral capsid protein precursor, which is auto-cleaved into two mature proteins, a 38 kDa b protein and a 5 kDa g protein, at a conserved Asn/Ala site during virus assembly [15]
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