Isolation and characterization of a novel 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase producing plant growth promoting marine Gammaproteobacteria from crops grown in brackish environments. Proposal for Pokkaliibacter plantistimulans gen. nov., sp. nov., Balneatrichaceae fam. nov. in the order Oceanospirillales and an emended description of the genus Balneatrix

Abstract

Three novel strains namely, L1E11T, L1E4 and 228 were isolated as part of an ongoing study on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase expressing rhizobacteria from crops cultivated in saline affected coastal agro-ecosystems of Kerala, India. The novel strains were positive for many properties that are beneficial to plant growth including ACC deaminase (ACCd) activity that ranged from 1.87±0.27 to 2.88±0.71μmol of α-ketobutyrate/hr/mg of total protein. Presence of other traits such as biofilm formation, siderophore production, phosphate solubilisation, utilisation of root derived compounds and ability to colonise host roots indicates its plant-associated life style. In complement, the genomic data reveals gene features for higher adaptation to plant-associated environments. In-planta assays showed that L1E11T can promote and protect pokkali rice plants from 200mM NaCl stress. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characterisation indicates that the novel strains belong to a novel genus and species of the order Oceanospirillales for which the names Pokkaliibacter gen. nov., and Pokkaliibacter plantistimulans sp. nov., are proposed with L1E11T (=DSM 28732T=MCC 2992T) as the type strain. Further, on the basis of low 16S rRNA sequence similarity, phylogenetic divergence, source of isolation and few differences in the phenotypic properties against its nearest taxon, a new family Balneatrichaceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate the two genera Balneatrix and Pokkaliibacter gen.nov. with Balneatrix as the type genus. An emended description of the genus Balneatrix is also presented.