Abstract
Physical or chemical procedures could efficiently remove contaminants including pesticides such as carbamates from high concentrations of toxicants. Bioremediation, on the other hand, is frequently a less expensive option in the long term when used at low concentrations. Isolation of multiple toxicants removing microorganisms is the goal of bioremediation. In this paper we report on the molybdenum reduction of the bacterium and its ability to grow on the carbamates carbofuran and carbaryl as carbon sources. Both the carbamates carbofuran and carbaryl cannot support molybdenum reduction when used as the sole carbon sources. Between pH 6.0 and 6.8 and between 30 and 34 oC, the bacterium is most efficient in converting molybdate to Mo-blue. For molybdate reduction, glucose was shown to be the strongest electron donor, with maltose and sucrose coming in second and third, respectively, and d-mannitol and d-adonitol coming in last. Phosphate concentrations of 2.5 to 7.5 mM and molybdate concentrations of 20 to 30 mM are also needed. Identical to that of a decreased phosphomolybdate, the Mo-blue produced by the new Mo-reducing bacteria has an absorption spectrum similar to prior Mo-reducing bacteria. Inhibition of molybdenum reduction was 73.3, 50.1, 50.1 and 20.7 percent, respectively, by mercury, copper, silver and lead at 2 ppm. The bacterium was tentatively identified as Serratia sp. strain Amr-4 after biochemical investigation. This bacterium's ability to detoxify a variety of toxicants is highly sought after, making it a significant bioremediation agent.
Highlights
Pesticides based on carbamate have a fascinating history of research and discovery
The carbamate herbicides carbofuran and carbaryl can be used as carbon sources for growth by a local Mo-reducing bacterium
Serratia sp. strain Amr-4 has been provisionally identified as the bacterium that caused the outbreak
Summary
Pesticides based on carbamate have a fascinating history of research and discovery. Calabar bean paste, which is rich in carbamate alkaloids, was employed in West Africa to determine whether or not a person was guilty or innocent of witchcraft accusations. After being forced to consume calabar bean paste, the suspected 'witches' either died or were deemed innocent. Physostigmine was shown to be the active carbamate carbamate, according to research. To the advantage of society, carbamate insecticides safeguard and boost agricultural productivity and protect human and animal health from insect-vector-mediated illnesses when applied appropriately. Excessive exposure to these chemicals may lead to pesticide poisoning in people and animals. The acetylcholinesterase enzyme is inhibited by N-methylcarbamate pesticides. Carbamate poisoning is normally treated within six to 24 h for both humans and animals. Atropine sulphate is the mainstay of treatment [7,8,9,10,11,12]
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