Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Klebsiella Spp. from Hund Pumped Sources Drinking Water in Kola Tembien, Central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Hadush Bekuretsion

doi:10.7176/jhmn/59-02

Abstract

Klebsiella Spp. is a common environmental human and animal associated microorganism that has become a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. The objective of the study was to isolate Klebsiella Spp. and determine the resistance patterns of the organism. Seventy-five hand pump fitted boreholes were selected randomly. Water samples were collected aseptically. Biochemical tests were performed on colonies from macConkey agar No.3 (Oxoid.LTD) for final identification of the isolates. Isolates from all culture positive water samples were identified based on the standard cultural and morphological characteristics in couple with indole production, H2S production, gas production, citrate utilization, motility test, lysine decarboxylation, lysine deamination and carbohydrate utilization tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test isolates were done against Amikacin, Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline and Gentamicin using Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion. Among the total of water sampled from hand pump fitted boreholes, five water (6.6%) samples were positive for Klebsiella spp. and Among the five isolated of Klebsiella spp. from water sampled, 2 of them were resistance to Ampicillin and one was resistance to Tetracycline. This study showed that there were Klebsiella spp. from ground water which were resistance to Ampicillin and Tetracycline. Since community acquired antibacterial resistance of Klebsiella spp . has a great public health importance, researchers should give attention like hospital acquired one. Keywords : Klebsiella spp. antimicrobial resistance DOI : 10.7176/JHMN/59-02

Highlights

Klebsiella Spp. common environmental human and animal associated microorganism that has become a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide, in tropical and subtropical regions, and are ubiquitous, including forest environments, vegetation soil, water, and mucosal membranes of host species (Bagley,1985)
Media were sterilized before samples inoculated and American type culture collection control strains were used for all culture media and biochemical tests. 2.7.Ethical consideration The study protocol was evaluated and approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee (RERC) of College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University
Result and Discussion and conclusion Among the total of water sampled from hand pump fitted boreholes, five water (6.6%) samples were positive for Klebsiella spp. which are total coliform bacteria that can found in many water environments, and they may multiply to high numbers in waters rich in nutrients (WHO, 2011a)

Summary

Introduction

Klebsiella Spp. common environmental human and animal associated microorganism that has become a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide, in tropical and subtropical regions, and are ubiquitous, including forest environments, vegetation soil, water, and mucosal membranes of host species (Bagley,1985).underground water which is consider as clean and pure form of water because of the purification properties of the soil; (WHO, 2004b) water from these sources can be contaminated due to improper design and construction of hand pump fitted boreholes, shallowness, and proximity to toilet, Sanitary landfills, refuse dump sites, and various human activities, which can serve as source of contamination (WHO, 2013). Klebsiella Spp. common environmental human and animal associated microorganism that has become a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide, in tropical and subtropical regions, and are ubiquitous, including forest environments, vegetation soil, water, and mucosal membranes of host species (Bagley,1985). In addition to Klebsiella, other bacteria (Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella, Mycobacteria, E. coli, Proteus, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella, Cyanobacteria) and viruses derived from human and animal faeces contaminate water sources from ground (WHO, 2004b). There were reports from USA and UK which had some indications of the role of groundwater in the infectious diarrhoeal disease (Prüss and Havelaar, 2001). The use of contaminated, untreated or poorly treated groundwater was responsible for many waters borne outbreaks in USA in 2000 and most of them (49%) caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, E. coli, and Yersinia. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were responsible for 18% of all outbreaks (Craun et al, 2004)

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