Abstract
Isolated terawatt (TW) attosecond (as) hard X-ray pulse is greatly desired for four-dimensional investigations of natural phenomena with picometer spatial and attosecond temporal resolutions. Since the demand for such sources is continuously increasing, the possibility of generating such pulse by a single current spike without the use of optical or electron delay units in an undulator line is addressed. The conditions of a current spike (width and height) and a modulation laser pulse (wavelength and power) is also discussed. We demonstrate that an isolated TW-level as a hard X-ray can be produced by a properly chosen single current spike in an electron bunch with simulation results. By using realistic specifications of an electron bunch of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL), we show that an isolated, >1.0 TW and ~36 as X-ray pulse at 12.4 keV can be generated in an optimized-tapered undulator line. This result opens a new vista for current XFEL operation: the attosecond XFEL.
Highlights
Isolated terawatt (TW) attosecond hard X-ray pulse is greatly desired for four-dimensional investigations of natural phenomena with picometer spatial and attosecond temporal resolutions
For a sufficient number of photons to be delivered to samples, the power of an as X-ray free-electron laser (XFELs) pulse should be on the order of terawatt (TW)[27,28]
We investigated the possibility that an isolated TW attosecond XFEL (as XFEL) hard X-ray pulse can be generated by a single current spike without the assistance of an optical delay unit and chicane
Summary
Isolated terawatt (TW) attosecond (as) hard X-ray pulse is greatly desired for four-dimensional investigations of natural phenomena with picometer spatial and attosecond temporal resolutions. By using realistic specifications of an electron bunch of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL), we show that an isolated, >1.0 TW and ~36 as X-ray pulse at 12.4 keV can be generated in an optimized-tapered undulator line. This result opens a new vista for current XFEL operation: the attosecond XFEL. Tanaka[31] suggested a method to generate an isolated TW as XFEL pulse This scheme includes a slotted foil and E-SASE32 section to generate many current spikes, and optical and electron beam delay units to delay X-ray pulses and electron beam. One of the methods that uses a chirped laser pulse has been published independently[36]
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