Isolated systolic hypertension and insulin resistance assessment tools in young and middle-aged Chinese men with normal fasting glucose: a cross-sectional study

Qing Gu,Xing Zhen Liu,Xue Hu,Jian Meng,Sui Jun Wang,Jun Ge

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04763-x

Qing Gu, Xing Zhen Liu + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04763-x

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Abstract

The vital role of insulin resistance (IR) in the pathogenesis of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) has been expounded at the theoretical level. However, research on the correlation between some specific IR indicators and ISH is still rare, especially at different glycemic statuses. We conducted this study to explore the association between three IR indicators and ISH among young and middle-aged adults with normal fasting plasma glucose (NFG). This large cross-sectional study included 8246 young and middle-aged men with NFG and diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg. The homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) index, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, and the metabolic score for IR (METS-IR) were calculated with the corresponding formula. The proportions of ISH among young and middle-aged men were 6.7% and 4.4%, respectively. After fully adjusting, only HOMA-IR rather than TyG and METS-IR was significantly associated with ISH. Moreover, fully adjusted smooth curve fitting showed that the association between HOMA-IR and ISH were approximately linear in both two age groups (P for non-linearity were 0.047 and 0.430 in young and middle-aged men, respectively). Among young and middle-aged men with NFG, using HOMA-IR instead of noninsulin-dependent IR indicators may have advantages in the hierarchical management of ISH. Further longitudinal research may be needed to determine their potential causal relationship.

Highlights

Abbreviations insulin resistance (IR) Insulin resistance ISH Isolated systolic hypertension homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) Homeostasis model assessment for IR index metabolic score for IR (METS-IR) Metabolic score for IR triglyceride glucose (TyG) Triglyceride-glucose index
Several studies have shown that HOMA-IR, TyG, and METS-IR are closely associated with hypertension[12,13], to the best of our knowledge, no studies have focused on their correlation with ISH among young and middle-aged adults, especially in the context of varying fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels
The associations of TyG and METS-IR with ISH were affected by confounding factors. This cross-sectional study mainly focuses on the associations of different IR indicators with ISH among young and middle-aged men with normal FPG (NFG)

Summary

Introduction

Abbreviations IR Insulin resistance ISH Isolated systolic hypertension HOMA-IR Homeostasis model assessment for IR index METS-IR Metabolic score for IR TyG Triglyceride-glucose index. The homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) index, which employs fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin, is the most commonly used IR evaluation tool[9]. Several studies have shown that HOMA-IR, TyG, and METS-IR are closely associated with hypertension[12,13], to the best of our knowledge, no studies have focused on their correlation with ISH among young and middle-aged adults, especially in the context of varying FPG levels. This study was conducted to examine the associations of HOMA-IR, TyG, and METS-IR with ISH among young and middle-aged adults with normal FPG (NFG)

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