Isolated Systolic Hypertension among Adults in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Predictors and Treatment - Results of a National Survey

Abstract

Background: Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is associated with many complications quantifying the magnitude and risk factor of ISH in the community is essential for all intervention strategies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, predictors, treatment modalities and lifestyle practices of ISH adult patients in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Subjects and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study using STEPwise approach among adults using a multistage, stratified, cluster random sample. Data was collected using a questionnaire which included sociodemographic, blood pressure, biochemical, anthropometric measurements and lifestyle practices. Statistical analysis included calculating means and standard deviations, proportions, univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Of a total 4551 subjects, 358 (7.9%) suffered from ISH, which was significantly related to sociodemographic, geographic, anthropometric and morbidity characteristics. 46.7% of ISH patients were using some form of treatment, 84.5% on prescribed drugs, 69.1% on diet, 25% on exercise. Significant predictors of ISH were education, retirement, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia. Conclusions: ISH is associated with some sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Given the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with ISH, the findings of this study emphasize the need for a comprehensive strategy focusing on the modifiable risk factors of ISH.