Isolated pulmonary valve prolapse: A sign of pulmonary hypertension

Abstract

Isolated pulmonary valve prolapse may be a sign of pulmonary hypertension. Three patients with pulmonary hypertension as a result of left ventricular failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and primary pulmonary hypertension, respectively, are described in the case reports. It is likely that the morphological change of the pulmonary valve is due to exaggeration of the normal convexity of the elastic pulmonary leaflets as a result of a high pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. This two-dimensional echocardiographic sign may prove to be a useful qualitative hallmark for pulmonary hypertension. Present methods to detect pulmonary hypertension by two-dimensional echocardiography rely on remote findings of right heart abnormalities or changes in systolic time intervals. Pulmonic valve prolapse is the first direct sign of pulmonary hypertension found on two-dimensional echocardiography.