Abstract
This paper studies an isolated ground-radiation antenna (iGradiANT) that has inherent isolation with another closely-located antenna element and demonstrates its applications in 5G multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array. The proposed iGradiANT is accomplished by merely employing a small out-of-ground loop into a traditional ground-radiation antenna (GradiANT). Hence, in contrast to the traditional GradiANT, the proposed iGradiANT can simultaneously support an in-ground loop-type current mode and an out-of-ground loop-type current mode, responsible for far-field radiation and near-field energy cancellation, respectively. In this way, the proposed iGradiANT can exhibit an intrinsic decoupling effect with the adjacent antenna element. Hereby, a typically used inverted-F antenna (IFA) and a normal loop antenna are adopted to separately validate the functionality and versatility of the proposed iGradiANT in establishing $2\times 2$ MIMO antenna sets without any separation. Furthermore, an $8\times 8$ MIMO antenna array is demonstrated for the usage of 5G terminal devices; both simulation and measurement are conducted to verify its radiation performance and diversity performance.
Highlights
With the explosion of the user number and a burst of powerful cellular devices, there is a tremendous demand for fast data rates
In the sub-6 GHz layer, the allocation of the 3.5 GHz band (3.4–3.6 GHz) for 5G wireless communication [3] has brought an explosion of ground-breaking research works in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems for current and future terminal devices [4]–[32]
Spectral efficiency, robustness, and reliability, satisfying the growing demands of 5G wireless communication. It is of such great interest yet a significant challenge to design MIMO antenna systems with high integration, miniaturized volume, low interference, and low correlation; this is especially true in terminal devices due to size limitation and placement constraint
Summary
With the explosion of the user number and a burst of powerful cellular devices, there is a tremendous demand for fast data rates. Different from the decoupling mechanism reported in [4]–[53], the proposed iGradiANT is evolved from a conventional GradiANT, thereby acquiring inherent decoupling capability with another antenna element, so that it can operate as a versatile technique to construct integrated MIMO antenna sets.
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