Isokinetic behaviour in gas phase catalytic haloarene hydrodehalogenation reactions: Mechanistic considerations

Abstract

Compensation behaviour is established for the gas phase hydrodehalogenation of a range of haloarenes over a common Ni/SiO 2 catalyst. Analysis of the experimental results delivers an isokinetic temperature ( T iso) at 658 ± 2 K associated with the following reactants: chlorobenzene, 4-chlorotoluene, 3-chlorophenol, 1,3,-dichlorobenzene, 4-chlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, bromobenzene, 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 1,3-dibromobenzene. The occurrence of a T iso is accounted for using the Selective Energy Transfer (SET) model that is based on the premise of resonance between a vibrational mode of the catalyst and a vibrational mode of the reactant with a transferral of resonance energy from the catalyst to the reactant to generate the “activated complex” with subsequent reaction. In this study of a single catalyst promoting a common (hydrodehalogenation) reaction for a family of haloarene reactants, we establish the complimentary vibrational modes as the out-plane C–H vibrations of substituted benzene and Ni–H vibration at high hydrogen surface coverage. The proposed surface rate-determining step is the C–H “out-of-plane” activation favouring an sp 2 to sp 3 transformation.