Abstract
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a unique type of electromagnetic radiation, and EMP exposure causes a series of biological effects. The nervous system is sensitive to EMP. We studied the neuroprotective effects of isoflurane preconditioning against EMP exposure and used hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) to observe the effects of electromagnetic pulse and isoflurane preconditioning on neurons. Inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of caspase-3, CD11b, TLR4, and NFκBp65. We found that after EMP exposure, the number of abnormal neurons had increased, and the expression of caspase-3, CD11b, TLR4, and NFκBp65 had also increased. Isoflurane preconditioning can reverse the above phenomenon. Moreover, we found that isoflurane preconditioning can reduce neuronal apoptosis and improve cognitive impairment induced by EMP. These findings indicate that isoflurane preconditioning can protect neurons in the cerebral cortex from EMP exposure, alleviate the inflammatory reaction and cell apoptosis, and improve cognitive impairment induced by EMP. These effects may occur through the downregulation of the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway and the inhibition of microglial activation.
Highlights
With the progress of human material civilization and the rapid development of high level, new technology, many electronic facilities and types of radio equipment produce electromagnetic radiation
Healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group and the Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure groups, which were divided into 3 groups: the 1 h after EMP group, 6 h after EMP group, and 24 h after EMP group
The number of abnormal neurons had increased after EMP exposure (P < 0 05), and it was increased significantly at 6 h and 24 h after EMP exposure (P < 0 01) (Figure 1)
Summary
With the progress of human material civilization and the rapid development of high level, new technology, many electronic facilities and types of radio equipment produce electromagnetic radiation. The biological effects of this electromagnetic radiation have aroused concern, and relevant studies have confirmed that certain types of electromagnetic pulse radiation have detrimental effects on the organism. Because the central nervous system (CNS) is very sensitive to electromagnetic pulse radiation, tissue and organ damage can occur, and nerve behavior disorder in the CNS may be seen after exposure [1,2,3]. Existing studies have found that EMP exposure can lead to long-term cognitive learning changes in rats, increasing the accumulation of amyloid beta in the brain [4]. Electromagnetic pulses can induce microglial activation and change the levels of inflammatory cytokines [5]. Previous studies found that EMP can cause brain damage by inducing neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis [6]. Research on methods for protection against electromagnetic pulse has mostly examined physical protection [7], and the research on drug protection and treatment is scarce
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