Abstract
Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd accumulates large amounts of phenolics and pentacyclic triterpenes. The present study deals with the in vitro callus induction from stem and leaf explants of I. rugosus under various plant growth regulators (PGRs) for the production of antioxidant and anti-ageing compounds. Among all the tested PGRs, thidiazuron (TDZ) used alone or in conjunction with α-napthalene acetic acid (NAA) induced highest callogenesis in stem-derived explants, as compared to leaf-derived explants. Stem-derived callus culture displayed maximum total phenolic content and antioxidant activity under optimum hormonal combination (3.0 mg/L TDZ + 1.0 mg/L NAA). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of plectranthoic acid (373.92 µg/g DW), oleanolic acid (287.58 µg/g DW), betulinic acid (90.51 µg/g DW), caffeic acid (91.71 µg/g DW), and rosmarinic acid (1732.61 µg/g DW). Complete antioxidant and anti-aging potential of extracts with very contrasting phytochemical profiles were investigated. Correlation analyses revealed rosmarinic acid as the main contributor for antioxidant activity and anti-aging hyaluronidase, advance glycation end-products inhibitions and SIRT1 activation, whereas, pentacyclic triterpenoids were correlated with elastase, collagenase, and tyrosinase inhibitions. Altogether, these results clearly evidenced the great valorization potential of I. rugosus calli for the production of antioxidant and anti-aging bioactive extracts for cosmetic applications.
Highlights
According to a survey, around 70,000 important plant species are consumed for health and wellness purposes
HPLC analyses confirmed the presence of pentacyclic triterpenes namely plectranthoic acid (PA), betulinic acid (BA) and oleanolic acid (OA) and phenolic acids like caffeic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) in all in vitro callus culture conditions
Present research emphasizes a possible connection with respect to morphology, growth behavior and metabolic activity to produce fast-growing friable calli that is constantly able to generate the bulk of the target substances
Summary
Around 70,000 important plant species are consumed for health and wellness purposes. Ex Benth.) Codd is one of the most challenging and attractive choices to characterize its potential compounds and screen the biological activities that are applicable for cosmetic aspects This medicinal plant is present in Pakistan, and widely distributed in the Northern areas of the country, especially in Gilgit; this I. rugosus is recognized by various vernacular names such as sperkai, boi, and phaypush [5,6]. This medicinal plant is an aromatic shrub, its stems erect with the quadrangular branches, its leaves are opposite, broadly ovate shape with green color; leaf blade consist of small stellate dendroid hairs. As in many Lamiaceae species, both rosmarinic acid (RA) and caffeic acid (CA) are the predominant phenolic compounds that could be the reason behind the antioxidant properties of this plant [14,15,16]
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