Abstract
This paper describes Iso-MATSIRO, a land surface model that includes stable water isotopes and simulates physically reasonable isotopic fluxes and reservoirs at the ground. The model calculates kinetic and equilibrium fractionation of HDO and H 2 18O between ice, liquid, and vapor phases and separately considers soil surface evaporation, vegetation transpiration, evaporation from the canopy-intercepted reservoir, and snow sublimation. New aspects are consideration of subsurface advective flow and the use of canopy resolved leaf water. One-dimensional simulations with modeled meteorological forcings showed reasonable features in the annual isotopic budget, seasonal variations of δ 18O in soil moisture, diurnal variations of leaf water with some enrichment, and δ-diagram of representative surface reservoirs and fluxes. Kinetic fractionation, however, should be carefully parameterized. A subsequent, independent global simulation used Iso-MATSIRO coupled with an atmospheric isotope circulation model for a half year in 1998. Simulated precipitation δ 18O was closer to observations than in a previous study, confirming the physical treatments of isotopes in the land surface processes, and indicating their large impact on precipitation isotopes over middle to high latitudinal continents.
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