Ischemic stroke: A cardiovascular risk equivalent? Lessons learned from the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial

Abstract

Statin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease or in those at risk for cardiovascular disease is associated with a reduced incidence of ischemic stroke. The Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial showed treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg daily in patients with a recent stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) reduces the incidence of fatal and nonfatal stroke by 16%. In this population with a recent stroke or TIA, coronary artery disease events and the need for revascularization were a frequent occurrence. Furthermore, the relative reduction of noncerebrovascular events and the need for revascularization was greater with atorvastatin than the reduction of stroke. A patient with a recent ischemic stroke or TIA is at high risk for fatal and nonfatal coronary events (approximately 4% per year), and according to most guidelines for the management of coronary artery disease, such patients should be in the high risk category. Consequently, ischemic stroke should be considered to be a coronary risk equivalent with a prognosis similar to that of a patient with coronary artery disease. Furthermore, both the stroke and coronary artery disease prognoses are improved by treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg daily.