Abstract
Purpose: Research dealing with ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has primarily focused on variables associated to endurance performance with little research about the acute responses of IPC on repeated multidirectional running sprint performance. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of IPC of the arms and the legs on repeated running sprint performance with changes-of-direction (COD) movements.Methods: Thirteen moderately-to-well-trained team-sport athletes (7 males; 6 females; age: 24 ± 2 years, size: 175 ± 8 cm, body mass: 67.9 ± 8.1 kg) performed 16 × 30 m all-out sprints (15 s rest) with multidirectional COD movements on a Speedcourt with IPC (3 × 5 min) of the legs (IPCleg; 240 mm Hg) or of the arms (remote IPC: IPCremote; 180–190 mm Hg) 45 min before the sprints and a control trial (CON; 20 mm Hg).Results: The mean (±SD) time for the 16 × 30 m multidirectional COD sprints was similar between IPCleg (Mean t: 16.0 ± 1.8 s), IPCremote (16.2 ± 1.7 s), and CON (16.0 ± 1.6 s; p = 0.50). No statistical differences in oxygen uptake (mean difference: 0%), heart rate (1.1%) nor muscle oxygen saturation of the vastus lateralis (4.7%) and biceps brachii (7.8%) between the three conditions were evident (all p > 0.05).Conclusions: IPC (3 × 5 min) of the legs (220 mm Hg) or arms (180–190 mm Hg; remote IPC) applied 45 min before 16 × 30 m repeated multidirectional running sprint exercise does not improve sprint performance, oxygen uptake, heart rate nor muscle oxygen saturation of the vastus lateralis muscle when compared to a control trial.
Highlights
Repeated intervals of complete muscle blood flow restriction (2–4 intervals, duration 3–5 min) inducing ischemia, known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC), has received clinical and practical interests, e.g., to protect the myocardium against a subsequent ischemic incident (Murry et al, 1986)
The mean time for the 16 × 30 m multidirectional sprints on the Speedcourt was similar between ischemic preconditioning of the legs (IPCleg), IPCremote, and control trial (CON) (16.0 ± 1.8, 16.2 ± 1.7, 16.0 ± 1.6 s, p = 0.50, respectively)
The mean sprint time did not differ between time points nor between IPCleg, IPCremote, and placebo (p > 0.50; Table 2)
Summary
Repeated intervals of complete muscle blood flow restriction (2–4 intervals, duration 3–5 min) inducing ischemia, known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC), has received clinical and practical interests, e.g., to protect the myocardium against a subsequent ischemic incident (Murry et al, 1986). Acute improvements in peak oxygen uptake (+3%) (de Groot et al, 2010), power output at peak oxygen uptake (+4%) (Crisafulli et al, 2011), running time trial performance (+2.5%) (Bailey et al, 2012), 1,000-m rowing performance (+0.4%) (Kjeld et al, 2014), and time to task failure (+11.2%) (Barbosa et al, 2015) with IPC compared to a non-IPC trials have been documented In this context a recent meta-analysis (Salvador et al, 2015) revealed that three intervals of 5-min IPC (220–250 mm Hg) performed 40–50 min before an exercise task are most promising to induce the aforementioned acute ergogenic responses of IPC vs nonIPC trial. Earlier onset of exercise after IPC (
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