Ischemic and bleeding risk after ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction in patients with active cancer

Abstract

Abstract Background Treatment of patients with cancer presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is complex given the increased risk of both thrombotic and major bleeding complications. We evaluated the risk of major bleeding and re-infarction in patients with or without cancer following admission with STEMI Methods A nationally-linked cohort of STEMI patients between January 2005 and March 2019 were obtained from the UK Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project (MINAP) registry and the UK national Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES APC) registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used, and Kaplan-Meier survival and cumulative survival curves were constructed. Results A total of 322,776 STEMI indexed admissions were identified between Jan 2005 and March 2019. Of those, 7050 (2.2%) patients were diagnosed with active cancer. Cancer patients were older with more cardiovascular comorbidities. Cancer patients received invasive coronary angiography (62.2% vs 72.7%, p<0.001) and PCI (58.4% vs 69.5%) less often compared to patients without cancer and were less likely to be prescribed DAPT (85% vs 95.4%). Major bleeding rate at one year was higher in cancer patients (6.5% vs 3.5%) while re-infarction rates were similar (cancer 5.7%, no cancer 5.1%). Adjustment for differences in baseline covariates, a similar risk of re-infarction (SHR 1.10, 95% CI 0.94-1.27) and a 50% increased risk of major bleeding (SHR 1.49, 95% CI 1.30-1.71) was observed in cancer patients. Conclusion Compared to non-cancer patients, cancer patients have a higher risk of major bleeding but not of re-infarction. Mitigating bleeding risk in STEMI patients with cancer is of paramount importance to improve outcomes.bleeding risk at 1 yearRe-infarction risk at 1 year