Abstract
This paper studies inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image matching and three-dimensional (3D) scattering imaging based on extracted dominant scatterers. In the condition of a long baseline between two radars, it is easy for obvious rotation, scale, distortion, and shift to occur between two-dimensional (2D) radar images. These problems lead to the difficulty of radar-image matching, which cannot be resolved by motion compensation and cross-correlation. What is more, due to the anisotropy, existing image-matching algorithms, such as scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), do not adapt to ISAR images very well. In addition, the angle between the target rotation axis and the radar line of sight (LOS) cannot be neglected. If so, the calibration result will be smaller than the real projection size. Furthermore, this angle cannot be estimated by monostatic radar. Therefore, instead of matching image by image, this paper proposes a novel ISAR imaging matching and 3D imaging based on extracted scatterers to deal with these issues. First, taking advantage of ISAR image sparsity, radar images are converted into scattering point sets. Then, a coarse scatterer matching based on the random sampling consistency algorithm (RANSAC) is performed. The scatterer height and accurate affine transformation parameters are estimated iteratively. Based on matched scatterers, information such as the angle and 3D image can be obtained. Finally, experiments based on the electromagnetic simulation software CADFEKO have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Highlights
Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, especially two-dimensional (2D) imaging, has been extensively used in civil and military applications because of its capability to generate high-resolution images of noncooperative targets
This paper studies ISAR image matching and 3D scattering imaging based on extracted dominant scatterers
ISAR image matching and three-dimensional (3D) scattering imaging based on extracted dominant scatterers are studied
Summary
Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, especially two-dimensional (2D) imaging, has been extensively used in civil and military applications because of its capability to generate high-resolution images of noncooperative targets. To solve the above problems, the proposed method adopts the image matching based on extracted dominant scatterers, which is different from the image-based SIFT. This method can make full use of existing radars to derive the target 3D image. For the sparsity of the ISAR image, the radar images are transformed into scattering point sets by scattering center extraction [37]. Information such as the 3D image and the angle between the LOS and the target rotation axis can be obtained. Its projection onto the plane orthogonal to LOS of radar A defines the effective rotation component Ωe f f , which forms the Z1-axis.
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