Is VZV reactivation a common cause of unexplained unilateral pain? Results of a prospective study of 57 patients.

Abstract

Pain is a common reason for patients to present to a doctor. Many patients with zoster have seen their doctor with pain during the days before the rash and zoster sine herpete is well described. If early varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation could be identified confidently, it could provide an opportunity for early antiviral intervention. This prospective study was performed to assess how often patients presenting to their general practitioner with unilateral pain of no obvious clinical cause proved to have evidence of VZV reactivation. Fifty-seven patients were recruited and followed for 28 days; laboratory testing included VZV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, VZV IgG, IgA and IgM. The control group consisted of 81 blood donors. Only two study patients developed the rash of zoster. There was no significant difference in PCR or serological responses between the study group and control group. Clinical characteristics did not enable identification of patients presenting to their doctor with unilateral pain who had prodromal zoster. There was no evidence on clinical or laboratory tests used in this study to support the view that reactivation of VZV is a common cause of unexplained unilateral pain.