Is Vegetarianism a Solution for Obesity and NCDs? A Review

Abstract

Purpose of Review: Obesity is defined as an abnormal fat accumulation associated with disease development risk. The prevalence of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) continues to increase at a concerning pace. The modern lifestyle requires people to rely on processed foods because of their efficiency and low-cost, which are associated with obesity and NCDs. Vegetarian diet refers to the exclusion of meat, fish, seafood and can also exclude animal products such as dairy and eggs. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore vegetarianism as a potential solution for obesity and the development of non-communicable diseases. Recent Findings: Meat intake is also related to unhealthy food groups consumption, contributing to overall poor diet quality. In contrast, vegetarian diets are associated with higher satiety, resulting in less food intake, favoring weight reduction. Lowering the prevalence of NCDs should be a priority, and nutritional interventions are pivotal to accomplish this goal. Summary: Vegetarian diets are associated with weight loss due to: fiber content, lower caloric density, microbiota regulation, and the release of gastrointestinal appetite-regulating hormones. Plant-based eating patterns have demonstrated an overall healthier diet and can be a potential solution for obesity and NCDs’ development.