Abstract
Alcoholism is considered a physical dependence disorder. More than 18 million people are alcoholics in the USA and England and between 1/3 to ½ of them present some kind of physical disorder. In general the literature is focused on alcoholic trunk muscle disorders. These muscles have different embryological origins if compared to the masticatory muscles. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of alcohol on the masticatory muscles in order to compare them with the somitic muscles. For this purpose, 15 male Wistar rats weighing around 250g were used. The rats were divided into three groups: Normal control (N), Alcoholic (A) and Isocaloric (I). Slices of the masseter muscle, temporalis muscle and rectus abdominal muscle were harvested and submitted to histochemical reactions (m-ATPase: acid and alkaline pre incubation and NADH-TR). The myofibers were classified in SO, FOG and FG. The results showed atrophy of the fast fibers (FG and FOG) in the masticatory muscles but this atrophy was not statistically significant in this study (p< 0.05). On the other hand, significant atrophy occurred in the rectus abdominal muscle (p<0.05). Based on these data it can concluded that the effect of alcohol on the branchiomeric jaw elevator muscles (masseter and temporalis muscles) is different compared to the effect on somitic muscle (rectus abdominal muscle).
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) considers alcoholism a pharmacodependent disease 7.There are one to three million alcohol addicts in England and between five to fifteen million in the USA15.Alcohol consumption over a long period is responsible for numerous clinical, biochemical and electrophysiological abnormalities
In patients with alcoholic myopathy, several organs are frequently affected and reversibility is partially achieved after abstinence 5
With regard to the data about the different fiber types found in the masseter muscle, the statistical analysis (ANOVA) did not show any differences between groups
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) considers alcoholism a pharmacodependent disease 7.There are one to three million alcohol addicts in England and between five to fifteen million in the USA15.Alcohol consumption over a long period is responsible for numerous clinical, biochemical and electrophysiological abnormalities. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers alcoholism a pharmacodependent disease 7. There are one to three million alcohol addicts in England and between five to fifteen million in the USA15. Alcohol consumption over a long period is responsible for numerous clinical, biochemical and electrophysiological abnormalities. These alterations are associated with liver, heart, brain and neuromuscular diseases 24. 30% to 60% of chronic alcohol addicts present with alcohol-related myopathologies, this disease is poorly studied. The consumption of alcohol can produce acute or chronic myofiber alterations. The physiopathological mechanism for this is probably related to the changes in the sarcolemma, ion bomb, a decrease in the contractile power, protein synthesis and genetic problems. In patients with alcoholic myopathy, several organs are frequently affected and reversibility is partially achieved after abstinence 5
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