Is there an optimal macronutrient mix for weight loss and weight maintenance?

Abstract

Low carbohydrate diets are gaining popularity, however there is no clear consensus regarding their safety and efficacy for weight loss. Proponents of these diet plans advocate dramatic reductions in carbohydrate intake to combat insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, which they claim are responsible for obesity. There are no long-term studies that directly compare the weight loss potential of low versus higher carbohydrate diets. Evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that low carbohydrate diets may enable short-term weight loss by facilitating reduced energy intakes, however poor dietary compliance may prevent long-term success. Unbalanced nutrient profiles may increase the risk of adverse health consequences in adherents. Low carbohydrate diets should not be recommended at this time due to a lack of adequate long-term follow up data. Successful weight loss occurs through the creation of a sustained energy deficit, and should be achieved through a combination of exercise and a nutritionally balanced and varied diet.