Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare: a new five-layered poly (L–lactide–co–caprolactone) (PLC) membrane and small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as a control in rat urinary bladder wall regeneration. The five-layered poly (L–lactide–co–caprolactone) membrane was prepared by an electrospinning process. Adipose tissue was harvested from five 8-week old male Wistar rats. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded in a density of 3×106 cells/cm2 onto PLC membrane and SIS scaffolds, and cultured for 5-7 days in the stem cell culture medium. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. Augmentation cystoplasty was performed in a previously created dome defect. Groups: (I) PLC+ 3×106ADSCs; (II) SIS+ 3×106ADSCs; (III) PLC; (IV) SIS; (V) control. Cystography was performed after three months. The reconstructed urinary bladders were evaluated in H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. Regeneration of all components of the normal urinary bladder wall was observed in bladders augmented with cell-seeded SIS matrices. The urinary bladders augmented with SIS matrices without cells showed fibrosis and graft contraction. Bladder augmentation with the PLC membrane led to numerous undesirable events including: bladder wall perforation, fistula or diverticula formation, and incorporation of the reconstructed wall into the bladder lumen. The new five-layered poly (L–lactide–co–caprolactone) membrane possesses poorer potential for regenerating the urinary bladder wall compared with SIS scaffold.
Highlights
The small intestine is commonly used for urinary tract reconstruction, either for bladder augmentation, replacement, or urinary diversion
A too drastic decrease of hydrophobicity could lead to the loss of isolative properties of the bulk material against the toxic environment of urine, and cause death of stem cells seeded on the nanomaterial surface
The surface of modified electrospun PLC membrane showed improved Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) adhesive properties compared with commercially available collagen matrix (SIS)
Summary
The small intestine is commonly used for urinary tract reconstruction, either for bladder augmentation, replacement, or urinary diversion. These techniques are associated with numerous complications [1]. Many natural and synthetic biomaterials such as plastic mold, gelatin sponge, Japanese paper, preserved dog bladder, lyophilized human dura, bovine pericardium, small intestinal submucosa, bladder acellular matrix, or composites of collagen and polyglycolic acid were used for human urinary bladder regeneration with a wide range of outcomes [2]. The scaffolds used in tissue engineering should mimic the ability of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to regulate cell functions such as cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis [3]. The biomaterial intended for urinary bladder reconstruction should be biocompatible and biodegradable and waterproof, flexible, elastic and able to provide good mechanical strength [4]
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