Is the Occurrence of Ankyloglossia in Newborns Associated with Breastfeeding Difficulties?

Abstract

Background: Ankyloglossia is characterized by abnormal tongue movements that can possibly interfere with breastfeeding due to incorrect latching, pain, nipple fissure, and ineffective suction. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ankyloglossia in newborns and its association with exclusive breastfeeding and early breastfeeding difficulties. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in seven public maternity hospitals in the city of Recife, PE, Brazil. The study sample consisted of 822 mothers/newborns of both genders. The diagnosis of ankyloglossia was confirmed by comparing two previously standardized and validated lingual frenulum assessment tools. Information on the mother's socioeconomic profile and breastfeeding difficulties were also collected. The data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of ankyloglossia was 2.6% when using the Bristol Tool and 11.7% with the Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function (Neonatal Tongue Screening Test-NTST). The agreement between the two assessment tools was 2.2%, with a significant difference between them (p < 0.001). There was an association between the occurrence of ankyloglossia and breastfeeding difficulties (odds ratio = 1.99), but no association with exclusive breastfeeding practice was found. Conclusions: The diagnostic tools used herein revealed different prevalence rates of ankyloglossia in newborns. This condition was associated with breastfeeding difficulties, and the NTST was more effective in determining such an association.