Abstract
Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Statin therapy has been proven in a number of clinical trials to lower the risk of acute cardiovascular events and is the mainstay of cholesterol treatment. Despite current optimal treatment for dyslipidemia, many patients fail to reach adequate cholesterol treatment goals and remain at a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events. Given this residual risk, there is a critical need for additional lipid therapies that could augment the ability of statins to lower the burden of atherogenic lipoproteins and, in some cases, raise levels of high-density lipoproteins. A number of novel lipid-altering therapies have been developed and are currently in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss these promising therapies, which include PCSK9 inhibitors, apolipoprotein B antisense oligonucleotides, microsomal transfer protein inhibitors, thyroid mimetics, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors. Although statin therapy is the current recommended primary treatment for dyslipidemia, emerging novel agents may become adjuvant therapies in the treatment of atherosclerotic heart disease.
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