Is the Feedback Environment Always Empowering? Feedback Orientation as a Critical Moderator

Abstract

Literature on the feedback environment has purported that supportive environments fostered by supervisors lead to improvements in employee well-being and performance. However, little research has considered how the feedback environment affects workplace motivation or identified boundary conditions of the feedback environment on outcome relationship. The current study extends the literature by utilizing a predictive design to examine how the supervisor feedback environment affects dimensions of employee psychological empowerment (meaning, competence, self-determination, impact) three months later in a sample of correctional facility employees. Further, we tested how an employee’s feedback orientation, or propensity to seek and utilize feedback, attenuated or enhanced the relationship between supervisor feedback environment and empowerment. Results demonstrated that perceptions of the supervisor feedback environment differentially relate to each dimension of empowerment, with the feedback environment being a positive predictor of impact and a marginally positive predictor of meaning. Moreover, when feedback orientation is high, the feedback environment exhibited a strong positive relationship with meaning, competence, and self-determination; when feedback orientation is low, relationships actually become weaker when predicting meaning and negative when predicting competence and self-determination. The results clarify the scope of impact of the supervisor feedback environment, offering theoretical and practical implications.